Coursework on the graduate level prepares students to undertake independent research in subjects relevant to comparative literary studies and interdisciplinary work in the humanities. Students designate one course as a proseminar, in which they share a research project with their classmates and follow up with discussion. Preparation in languages is typically certified by graduate-level courses in which the reading is done in the original language, often taken in allied departments. At the Ph.D. level, courses help students develop subject expertise, prepare for doctoral exams and, finally, to focus on a thesis subject. Courses at the M.A. and Ph.D. level also prepare students to teach in high schools, colleges, or universities.